黄河三角洲地下水动态变化及其与地面沉降的关系          下载免费PDF全文

刘勇  李培英  丰爱平  黄海军 《地球科学》2014,39(11):1555-1565

为了分析黄河三角洲地下水动态及其与地面沉降的关系, 利用多年地下水和地面沉降监测数据, 发现黄河三角洲广饶县和东营区的地下水动态变化剧烈且地面沉降严重, 含水层多处于超采状态, 浅、深层地下水降落漏斗先后出现.深层地下水降落漏斗中心水位下降速度达2~3m/a.近年来, 东营和广饶地面沉降漏斗中心沉降量和速率分别为155.1mm、28.2mm/a和356.0mm、64.7mm/a.借助GIS技术及数理统计法, 发现深层地下水降落漏斗与沉降漏斗空间耦合良好, 深层地下水位与地面高程呈线性正相关, 相关系数为0.92, 深层地下水过度开采已成为影响沉降的最根本因素.井灌区第三粘性压缩层成为地面沉降主要贡献层, 且深层地下水降落漏斗中心的地下水位已低于第三承压含水层临界水位, 沉降趋于严重.   相似文献   

Numerical simulation of erosion and deposition at the Thailand Khao Lak coast during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami     

Linlin Li  Zhenhua Huang  Qiang Qiu 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(3):2251-2277

A case study was conducted for the Thailand Khao Lak coast using a forward numerical model to understand uncertainties associated with interpreting tsunami deposits and relating them to their tsunami sources. We examined possible effects of the characteristics of tsunami source, multiple waves, sediment supply and local land usages. Numerical results showed that tsunami-deposit extent and thickness could be indicative of the slip value in the source earthquake near the surveyed coastal locations, provided that the sediment supply is unlimited and all the deposits are well preserved. Deposit thickness was found to be largely controlled by the local topography and could be easily modified by backwash flows or subsequent tsunami flows. Between deposit extent and deposit thickness, using deposit extent to interpret the characteristics of a tsunami source is preferable. The changing of land usages between two tsunami events could be another important factor that can significantly alter deposit thickness. There is a need to develop inversion models based on tsunami heights and/or run-up data for studying paleotsunamis.  相似文献   

Development of an empirical model for rainfall-induced hillside vulnerability assessment: a case study on Chen-Yu-Lan watershed,Nantou, Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tsu-Chiang Lei  Yi-Min Huang  Bing-Jean Lee  Meng-Hsun Hsieh  Kuan-Ting Lin 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):341-373

In Taiwan, the hillside is about 70 % of total area. These areas also have steep topography and geological vulnerability. When an event of torrential rain comes during a typhoon, the landslide disasters usually occur at these areas due to the long duration and high intensity of rainfall. Therefore, a design which considers the potential landslide has become an important issue in Taiwan. In this study, a temporal characteristic of landslide fragility curve (LFC) was developed, based on the geomorphological and vegetation factors using landslides at the Chen-Yu-Lan watershed in Taiwan, during Typhoon Sinlaku (September 2008) and Typhoon Morakot (August 2009). This study addressed an effective landslide hazard assessment process, linking together the post-landslide damage and post-rainfall data for LFC model. The Kriging method was used to interpolate the rainfall indices (R ₀, R, I) for numerical analysis. Remote sensing data from SPOT images were applied to analyze the landslide ratio and vegetation conditions. The 40-m digital elevation model was used for slope variation analysis in the watershed, and the maximum likelihood estimate was conducted to determine the mean and standard deviation parameters of the proposed empirical LFC model. This empirical model can express the probability of exceeding a damage state for a certain classification (or conditions) of landslides by considering a specific hazard index for a given event. Finally, the vulnerability functions can be used to assess the loss from landslides, and, in the future, to manage the risk of debris flow in the watershed.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in shallow groundwater,northeastern Guangdong Province,China     

Jianfei Yuan  Xumei Mao  Yanxin Wang  Zhide Deng  Leihui Huang 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(1):53-64

Shallow groundwater and hot springs were collected from northeastern Guangdong Province, Southeast China, to determine the concentrations and fractionation patterns of rare-earth elements(REE). The results show that the La, Ce and Nd of REEs are abundant in groundwater and rock samples, and the ∑REE contents in groundwater and rock samples range from 126.5 to 2875.3 ng/L, and 79.44 to 385.85 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater has slightly HREE-enriched PAAS-normalized patterns. However, the granitic rocks PAAS-normalized patterns, with remarkable negative Eu anomalies, are different from that of shallow groundwater. The enrichment of HREE is considered to be controlled by REE complexation and readsorption for most groundwater has Ce and Eu positive anomalies. The Ce and Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by redox conditions. Moreover, the Fe-contain sediments dissolution and/or the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides are another factor contributing to Ce anomalies. The Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by the preferential mobilization of Eu2+ during water-rock interaction compared to Eu3+.  相似文献   

东亚季风“2.8ka”事件高分辨率的石笋记录     

李伟  陈仕涛  吴帅男  张芳芳  汪永进 《第四纪研究》2014,34(6)

据湖北省神农架永兴洞一支石笋的8个230Th年龄、648个δ18O数据,建立了晚全新世4.40～ 1.75ka B.P.时段平均分辨率为4a的东亚夏季风演化序列,其中在2.92～ 2.74ka B.P.期间,δ18O发生显著正偏,幅度达2.5‰,指示一个显著的弱季风事件(这里称之“2.8ka”事件).该事件以夏季风缓慢减弱开始,迅速增强结束,事件内部有两个次一级的振荡旋回(两峰三谷结构),在内部细节与转型特征上类似湖北和尚洞石笋δ18O记录的“8.2ka”事件,暗示发生在全新世这两个冷事件的驱动机制基本一致.这两个弱季风事件都发生在太阳活动明显减弱时期,并分别与北大西洋Bond 2和Bond 5冰漂碎屑事件同步,表明百年尺度的东亚季风环流的演化由太阳活动和北高纬气候共同驱动.  相似文献   

“软−硬”关系框架下城市型目的地出入境旅游响应路径——基于1997―2019年中国香港特区数据的组态分析     

查瑞波  黄悦  杜书滢  王培涵  许进鎔 《地理科学》2022,42(10):1788-1798

选取1997―2019年中国香港特区数据,使用定性比较分析（QCA）方法对出入境旅游流产生路径的前因条件以及结果条件进行分析,研究结果表明：① 在路径数量上,虽持续简化,但是仍然具有复杂性;② 在核心条件中,所有的单因素均不构成影响的核心条件,中国香港出入境旅游流路径受到多因素组合作用;③ 在前因条件中,“软?硬”关系影响存在差异,硬实力关系对高出入境旅游流起主导作用,软实力关系则对非高出入境旅游流作用较大;④ 在路径国家（地区）中,高和非高出入境旅游流存在显著地区差异;⑤ 在时间层面上,阶段1与阶段2、阶段3路径差异较大,表明时间节点的分割事件对中国香港出入境旅游的影响不同。  相似文献   

中国旅游业碳减排潜力的空间关联网络结构及其影响因素     

王凯  余芳芳  胡奕  甘畅 《地理科学》2022,42(6):1034-1043

基于2000—2018年中国省际面板数据,利用“自下而上”法和Super-SBM模型测度30个省（区、市）的旅游业碳减排潜力,借助修正的引力模型和社会网络分析方法探究其空间关联网络特征及影响因素。结果表明：①中国旅游业碳减排潜力的空间关联日趋紧密,网络密度和网络关联数呈增长态势,网络效率和网络等级度呈下降态势;②东部区域在空间关联网络中居于核心位置,对降低旅游业碳减排潜力所需要素的掌控与支配能力较强;西部区域在网络中居于边缘位置,难以影响和控制其他省（区、市）;③北京、天津、江苏和上海属于“净受益”板块,广东、浙江和福建属于“经纪人”板块,吉林、内蒙古等23省（区、市）属于“净溢出”板块;④空间邻接关系、经济发展水平差异、产业结构差异、技术创新水平差异和旅游业人数规模差异共同驱动着中国旅游业碳减排潜力空间关联网络结构的形成与演化。  相似文献   

东北黑土区保护性耕作的发展现状与成效研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁爱珍  张延  陈学文  张士秀  黄丹丹  杨学明  张晓平  李秀军  田春杰  McLaughlin Neil B  相洋 《地理科学》2022,42(8):1325-1335

东北黑土区承担着国家粮食安全“稳压器”的重要责任。然而,由于长期超负荷开发利用导致黑土日益退化,黑土资源的永续利用受到严重制约。理论与实践证明,保护性耕作是保护黑土地、推动黑土耕地质量和耕作效益绿色增长的发展模式。综述了保护性耕作的基本内涵及其在东北黑土区的发展现状与技术概况,从保护性耕作在土壤保持、保墒效益、结构改善、固碳培肥和土壤生物多样性增加、节本增效等方面系统评估了东北黑土区实施保护性耕作后的生态与经济效益,提出黑土区实施保护性耕作存在的问题与未来发展方向,以促进黑土地保护与利用协调发展、推动保护性耕作高质量跨越式发展。  相似文献   

时空约束下的地铁可达性研究：以北京为例     

王姣娥  熊美成  黄洁 《地理科学》2022,42(1):83-94

以北京市为例,基于340个站点的时刻表构建地铁组织网络,采用网络分析法和累积机会法,对比在“工作日”和“双休日”“高峰期”和“非高峰期”等时空约束下的可达性动态。研究发现：① 由于起始地空间区位特征及沿线土地利用功能结构的多样性,不同线路的时刻组织模式各异。② 基于运营组织网络的地铁可达性存在时刻上的动态变化,一日内早晚高峰可达性最优,双休日可达性略低于平时。③ 基于运营组织网络的地铁可达性与基于设施网络的可达性存在明显空间差异,且距市中心15~20 km处的站点工作日和双休日的可达性差异最大,与地铁网络结构特征有关。综上,基于时刻组织时空约束下的可达性分析有利于了解地铁系统的精细化管理,并有助于进一步剖析居民出行规律和城市空间结构。  相似文献   

人文地理学课程思政建设思路与设计     

黄晓军 《地理教学》2022,(1):12-16

人文地理学课程是高校地理科学专业的基础课程,对学生建构人文地理学理论框架、培养人文地理学科思维、提高人文地理问题分析能力具有重要作用。本文在阐释人文地理学理论体系和实践内容的基础上,从教学体系、思政元素、育人效果和专业特色4个方面探讨了人文地理学课程思政建设的总体思路。并且,本文结合具体实践,从目标引领与融合、建设模式与实施路径、课程思政内容体系、教学方法与考核方式等方面提出了课程思政设计方案,以期为地理科学专业相关课程的思政建设与教学提供借鉴和启示。  相似文献